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People with a condition called hyperthyroidism produce too much thyroid hormone.Only some cells have receptor proteins that can bind to a given hormone.Some cells feedback negatively in response to a hormone.
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Many hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane of cells.Why do endocrine hormones only affect some of the cells in the body? Choose the best answer.Describe the feedback mechanism that controls milk production by the mammary glands.Outline the way feedback controls the production of thyroid hormones.Compare and contrast negative and positive feedback loops.How do non-steroid hormones affect target cells?.Explain how steroid hormones influence target cells.Define the target cell in the context of endocrine hormones.They use them to build muscle and improve physical performance, generally either for athletic competition or for self-defense. Reality: Although steroid use is more common in males than females, some females also use steroids. It has also been implicated in a number of violent acts committed by people who had not demonstrated violent tendencies until they started using steroids. Reality: Steroid use has been shown to increase aggressiveness in some people. Myth: There is no such thing as “roid rage.” These negative effects may include insomnia, fatigue, and depressed mood, among others. Reality: Steroid use may cause dependency as evidenced by the negative effects of stopping steroid use. Myth: Steroids do not cause drug dependency. Once skeletal maturity occurs, additional growth in height is impossible. Such stunting occurs because steroids increase the rate at which skeletal maturity is reached. Reality: Teens who take steroids before they have finished growing in height may have their growth stunted so they remain shorter throughout life than they would otherwise have been. Myth: Steroids will not stunt your growth. Prolonged use may increase the risk of liver cancer, heart disease, and high blood pressure. Reality: Steroid use may cause several serious side effects. If you ever consider taking anabolic steroids to build muscles and improve athletic performance, consider the following myths and corresponding realities. Unfortunately, these benefits of steroid use come with costs. In addition to building muscles, they also accelerate the development of bones and red blood cells, increase endurance so athletes can train harder and longer, and speed up muscle recovery. The anabolic effects are the reason that synthetic steroids are used by athletes. Male hormones have androgenic, or masculinizing, effects, but they also have anabolic, or muscle-building effects. This loop includes the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in addition to the thyroid, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex\): This diagram shows how the thyroid gland is regulated by a negative feedback loop that also involves the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.Īnabolic steroids are synthetic versions of the naturally occurring male sex hormone testosterone. A negative feedback loop controls the synthesis and secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland.